SRI International Network and Resources Center

KENYA

Summary of SRI in Kenya

On August 18, 2009, a meeting of stakeholders was held at the headquarters of the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, located in the Kirinyaga district of the Central Province, to formally launch the evaluation and demonstration of SRI in Kenya. The meeting was organized by Bancy Mati, program manager of the IMAWESA Network (for Improved Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa), and Jean Njiru, former Humphrey Fellow at Cornell who has now returned to Kenya and is helping get SRI introduced in her country, with assistance from Markus Wolfe, irrigation specialist in the World Bank office in Nairobi.

The initiative to evaluate and promote the adoption of SRI in Kenya began as a multi-stakeholder, participatory 'project' combining research, capacity-building and outreach activities. Spearheaded by IMAWESA, the partners include the African Institute for Capacity Development (AICAD), the World Bank and World Bank Institute (WBI), the Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development (MIAD) Centre, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), the National Irrigation Board (NIB), the Ministries of Agriculture and of Water and Irrigation (MWI), the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, the private sector, and the farmers themselves.

The World Bank Institute organized a videoconference on September 11, 2009, that enabled the experimenting Kenyan farmers to interact with persons in other African countries and India who have considerable personal experience with SRI crop and water management to be able to advise on best SRI practice. A subsequent Stakeholders' Meeting on the System for Rice Intensification was held January 27, 2010, at the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) complex at Girgiri, Nairobi. Later that year, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), through its Research, Production and Extension's Innovation Fund, began supporting a three-year SRI research and capacity-building at the Mwea Irrigation Scheme. The First National SRI Workshop was held May 7, 2010. In July 2010 an SRI Resource Center was opened at MIAD in Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kirinyaga District in Kenya's Central Province. The National Irrigation Board (NIB) and JKUAT began implementing a six-month project in July 2011 to scale-up SRI in the Ahero, West Kano, Bunyala and Mwea Irrigation Schemes. The World Bank Institute organized an SRI study tour to several SRI projects in India for 18 African officials and project staff from six countries during June 2010. Kenyans participated in a third WBI videoconference on climate-smart agriculture August 24, 2011.

By 2012, approximately 3,000 farmers have been trained in SRI methods with adopters now numbering about 2,000 in the four irrigation schemes (Ahero, West Kano, Bunyala and Mwea). Bancy Mati reported yields up to 9 t/ha have been achieved with Basmati rice and over 17t/ha for a high-yielding IR variety; water savings ranged from 25-33%, depending upon the season. An article published in the March 2012 edition of the International Journal of Current Research and Review showed water productivity (kilograms of rice per cubic meter of irrigation water supplied) averaging 120% higher for the three varieties under SRI management. A subsequent 2013 Agricultural Water Management article studying adoption and economic return with SRI compared to farmer practice found that showed a SRI benefit-cost ratio of 1.76 and 1.88 in the first and second seasons, respectively, compared to 1.3 and 1.35 for farmer practice. A film about SRI in Kenya won first prize on July 20, 2013, at the 2nd African Agricultural Film Festival in Accra, Ghana; Bancy Mati subsequently showed the film at the 2015 COP21 Climate Change Conference in Paris in December 2015. A segment on SRI aired on the widely-viewed Kenyan TV show, Shamba Shape-Up, during 2013, which reached a wide audience in Eastern Africa. During November 2014, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) launched two AICAD-sponsored SRI projects in the in Mwea and Western Kenya irrigation schemes. During 2015-2019, Bancy Mati made presentations on SRI at the COP21 (France, 2015), at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY, 2018), at the Workshop to Enhance Cooperation and Sharing among SRI National Networks in Asia, (Malaysia, 2018), Workshop for the Project on Sustaining and Enhancing the Momentum for Innovation and Learning on SRI in the Lower Mekong River Basin (SRI-LMB), Thailand (Nov 2018); and at the International Rice Development Conference on China-Africa Rice Development (Changsha, China, 2019). The details are in the "progress and activities" section below.

A 2020 article by Too et all in the African Environmental Review showed that, compared to conventional rice production methods, SRI treatments undertaken in Ahero Irrigation Scheme resulted in Irrigation Water Use (IWU) saving of 21.9%, Water Productivity (WP) increase by 67%, and Land Productivity (LP) increase by 59.5%. During 2020 and 2021, research was conducted to understand factors that affect rice productivity in Mwea Irrigation Schemes; this study also showed that the returns of SRI outweigh the returns of conventional rice farming, thus making SRI more profitable. A subsequent study by Bancy Mati et al elaborated on the benefits of SRI in Kenya's five irrigations schemes (Mwea, Ahero, Budalangi, West Kano and South West Kano). A 2021 dissertation and article by Matilda Ouma found that integration of SRI through IP approach was effective among smallholder rice farmers in Oluch irrigation scheme. A project supporting digital training on SRI for the Mwea, Ahero and West Kano irrigation scheme was initiated in January 2022. A PLOS One article published in 2024 revealed that the uptake of specific SRI practices in the Oluch Irrigation Scheme over a four-year period (2016-2019) increased by at least 30–80%, and acreage under rice farming increased by 50%. Although SRI required more production costs per acre (63% increase), adopters had at least 28.6% higher return per shilling invested.

Progress and Activities

2024 Updates

• SRI Practices Increase by 30–80% in Oluch Irrigation Scheme with over 28% Higher Return per Shilling Invested

  [January 20, 2024] An article by Ouma et al published in the journal PLOS One quantifies the economic benefits of undertaking SRI among smallholder rice farmers. SRI was introduced among smallholder farmers in a rural setting in western Kenya, Oluch irrigation scheme, through an innovation platform approach. Over a period of four years (2016–2019), the authors quantified benefits accrued to the uptake of the technology among SRI adopters. Comparisons were in reference to a baseline study conducted prior to the full-scale promotion of SRI in the study area.

  Study findings revealed that the uptake of specific SRI practices increased by at least 30–80%, and acreage under rice farming increased by 50%. Although SRI required more production costs per acre (63% increase), adopters had at least 28.6% higher return per shilling invested. The findings underscore previous results in the literature that SRI is associated with not only productivity but also economic benefits justifying the need for scaling especially among smallholder farmers. Nonetheless, the authors deemed efficient approaches to scaling such promising technologies are necessary to enhance productivity and subsequently improve livelihoods. [For more information, see full PLOS One article.]

2022

• Delivering Digital Training on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Kenya

  [May 5, 2022] A project focused on digital training for SRI was initiated in January 2022 in the Mwea, Ahero and West Kano irrigation schemes. The initiative supports training on System of Rice Intensification on a specially developed digital platform with incentives in form of rotary weeders to farmer groups. SMS messages are sent to farmers that contain illustrated training content on SRI. The project is implemented by Resource Plan Ltd, a consulting firm based in Kenya and Arifu (Akengo Kenya Company Limited), which is a social enterprise based in East Africa. The project is funded by The Perivoli Foundation, a charitable organization based in the United Kingdom. The registration of farmers on the platform is on-going, while technical content developed by Resource Plan is being packaged for the digital platform. Further updates to come! [See article on the SRI-Africa website for details and updates.]

2021

• PhD Dissertation Assesses the Uptake of System of Rice Intensification Practices in Oluch Irrigation Scheme

  [September 1, 2021] Matilda Ouma recently completed a PhD dissertation at Edgerton University entitled Assessing the Uptake of System of Rice Intensification Practices. She found that in the Oluch irrigation scheme, Rangwe Sub-County, Kenya, weak networks and low innovative capacity are associated with smallholder rice farmers has significantly contributed to limited uptake of system of SRI. Her study assessed the uptake of SRI through a facilitated innovation platform (IP) to promote the methodology in an interactive manner, with an aim of boosting the knowledge and skills in the intensification of rice production. An action learning research design was used where an IP was established to facilitate participatory learning and adoption of SRI in the scheme. A sample size of 101 farmers was selected from a population of 369 smallholder rice farmers; of these 24 farmers were selected for the IP. At baseline, farmers identified several complex and competing challenges that required the action of multiple stakeholders. Study findings showed very limited implementation of SRI practices. Integration of SRI through IP approach was found to be effective among smallholder rice farmers in Oluch. The IP, and the establishment of rice growing demonstration plot in a commonly identified Block BL 5.1 enabled stakeholders to work in a structured, more effective manner with greater effect towards SRI uptake.

  The study concluded that if facilitated properly through the IP, farmers who normally experience low productivity and earn low income can overcome challenges and increase their productivity thus enhancing their income. Similarly, farmers would have a greater opportunity to interact among themselves and with other stakeholders to address production challenges associated with demands of food and nutrition insecurity, SDGs and Vision 2030. Based on the findings, this study recommends enacting policies within the rice sector that support facilitation of stakeholder networks such and IP approaches to enhance farmers’ innovative capacities to promote production. [See complete dissertation and related 2020 article based on the data.]

• Study Elaborates on Benefits of the System of Rice Intensification in Kenya's Irrigation Schemes

  [July 12, 2021] A 2021 article by Prof. Bancy Mati et al in the Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology elaborates on how SRI, as a green methodology, holds promise for food security, water savings, health and environmental benefits and improved productivity of rice in Africa. Successful trials by two farmers in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme in 2009 were followed by subsequent research, awareness creation and training of various cadres of stakeholders (especially farmers). This resulted in the steady rise in adoption of SRI to in five irrigation schemes in Kenya: Mwea, Ahero, Budidayakan, West Kano and South West Kano. By December 2017, over 10,000 rice farmers had adopted SRI in the five schemes. The high adoption was driven by positive results. In Kenya, SRI increased rice yields by between 20% -100% depending on variety, while water savings of 25%-33% have been recorded under controlled experimentation. Research on SRI has been conducted by PhD and masters students, thus validating the technology scientifically, showing increased yields and water-saving factors. The effects of SRI on mosquito breeding showed that all mosquito larvae died in paddies under SRI, while they remained alive and multiplied in conventional flooded paddies, indicating the methodology holds promise for reducing malaria prevalence. Furthermore, SRI produces a harder, better grain which has superior qualities on milling and marketing. [See complete article for more information.]

• Factors Influencing Rice Productivity with SRI and Conventional Rice Production in Mwea Irrigation Investigated

  [March 1, 2021] A 2021 article in Advances in Agriculture and a 2020 article in the African Journal of Agricultural Research examined the various factors influencing rice productivity in Mwea Irrigation Scheme using the System of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional flooding (CF). Information from 364 smallholder rice farmers revealed that factors such as household size, access to extension services, involvement in off-farm work, distance from the canal, farmsize, labour use, access to credit services and years spent in rice farming were found to be significant in explaining variations in rice productivity. Furthermore, the gross margin analysis showed that the returns of SRI outweigh the returns of CF, thus making SRI more profitable than CF. The study recommends that Kenya government should enhance engagement with development partners to pay attention to all significant factors which are important in making decisions in the two rice production methods. [See full Advances in Agriculture article and AJAR article for details.]

2020

• Local Manufacture of Rotary Weeders is Linked to Adoption of SRI in Kenya

  [March 30, 2020] When SRI was introduced in the Mwea irrigation scheme in Kenya in 2009, mechanization of rice cultivation existed in the form of primary land tillage and rotavation – which were, and continue to be done by tractor. The tractors were owned by the National Irrigation Board (NIB) and tillage services were leased out to farmers. Paddy field leveling was done and continues to be done using animal-drawn wooden boards. All other rice farming activities used manual labor i.e., nursery seeding, transplanting, weeding, harvesting, and threshing. A lot of progress has been made since then as documented by Bancy Mati.

  SRI methods recommend mechanical weeding, preferably using a simple low-cost push-weeder (which also avoids the cost of petrol or diesel-powered weeders). A decade ago, there were very few weeders in Mwea and it was not clear which weeders were most suitable. A small study in 2010 led by Prof. Patrick Home of JKUAT assessed a set of seven weeders from Japan, India and Tanzania (see photo at right). The Mwea farmers settled on three weeders, though their favorite was the Japanese model. In 2011, the three preferred models were taken to three foundries based in the Wanguru Market in Mwea and to a youth training centre; they were distributed to farmers for free. In 2015-16, when implementing the SRI extension project in Western Kenya serving the Ahero, West Kano and Sisso irrigation schemes, 30 weeders were initially ordered from a foundry in Ahero town under that project (which was supported by AgSRI in India).

  A decade after SRI was introduced into Kenya, its adoption has spread, the demand for weeders has grown, and individual farmers started ordering for weeders directly from the foundries. Today, rotary weeding is the preferred mode for weeding in Mwea, Ahero and West Kano irrigation schemes. The weeders are sold for between Ksh.2,000 to Ksh.3,000 (20 to 30 USD) and farmers are able to buy locally-made weeders without project support. It is a win-win value-chain development, creating employment opportunities and reducing the drudgery of labor in paddy rice production. [See Mati's article for additional information and pictures of the weeders.]

• Analysis of Water Use in Rice Production under SRI in Ahero Irrigation Scheme Shows Positive Results

  [January 31, 2020] An article by Too et all in the African Environmental Review reports on a study undertaken to assess the performance of the existing conventional paddy irrigation system compared to SRI methods in terms of efficient water use and rice yield and to develop alternative irrigation schedules for better rice production grown under limited water supply in surface irrigation in Kenya. The results were used as inputs to the CROPWAT irrigation management model, which then estimated crop water requirements and net irrigation requirement. Results of the study showed that Irrigation Water Use (IWU) in the SRI treatments was 2316.7 m3/ha compared to 2966.7 m3/ha in the conventional practice, which translates to a saving of 21.9%. On water productivity, SRI system demonstrated significantly higher water productivity (0.5 kg/m3) compared to conventional system with 0.3 kg/m3. SRI increased Water Productivity (WP) by 67% while Land Productivity (LP) increased by 59.5%.

  The FAO-CROPWAT model estimates water requirement for rice as 934.9 mm. The model was also used to determine irrigation schedule in that for SRI rice, the first irrigation being 19 days before sowing date with 92.2 mm of net irrigation. Subsequent irrigations were given after -4, -2, 22, 29,22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78, 85, 92 and 94 days after sowing date with 90mm, 50mm, and 20mm for the rest of applications except the last application which was given 200mm. The gross irrigation for paddy is 931.7 mm considering an efficiency of 70% during each irrigation supplied. Simulations of irrigation at 100 % critical depletion and refilling the soil to field capacity (100%) resulted to 0% yield reduction and less irrigation water requirement (622.7 mm), though with a greater number of irrigation applications (60). However, irrigating with user defined intervals with respective user defined application depths resulted in a total of 827.2 mm, yield reduction of 2.8% and a reduced rain efficiency of 98.1%. Based on the findings of this study, SRI methods were capable of producing considerable higher rice yields and much saving on irrigation water use as compared to conventional flooding system. When the irrigation scheduling using CROPWAT is adapted for SRI technology, one is able to adopt better water management system which saves irrigation water. [See article in African Environmental Review for details.]

2019

• SRI Presented at the International Rice Conference in Changsha, China

  [June 30, 2019] International experts met at the International Rice Development Conference on China-Africa Rice Development, in Changsha, China, June 26-29, 2019, with the aim boosting the development of international rice crop research and industry revitalization as part of China-Africa cooperation. The conference, which was held under the auspices of the International Forum on Rice Development (IFRD), centered on the latest advances in hybrid rice cultivation globally and its relevance and applicability to Africa. The chairman of the event was Academician Yuan Longping, the world-renown “Father of Hybrid Rice” and World Food Prize Laureate. The Congress was also addressed by Amb. Kenneth Quinn, President of the World Food Prize Foundation. Prof. Bancy Mati, Director of WARREC was among the keynote speakers who addressed the congress in plenary on the opening day. [Quinn and Mati are shown in the photo at right along with other African participants.]

  Prof. Mati’s presentation was entitled “Improving Productivity of Rice under Water Scarcity in Africa: The case for the System of Rice Intensification”. This presentation addressed water scarcity challenges that affect Africa and their impacts on rice production and productivity. Noting that some 38 countries in Africa grow rice and all of them are net importers of rice, Prof. Mati suggested that there is need to address this. The paper further highlighted the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as a methodology for growing rice that addresses water scarcity, while increasing crop productivity at the same time. There are over 21 countries in Africa that have adopted SRI and they report improved yields and other benefits. SRI fits well with smallholder rice producers of Africa. However, there is a disconnect in the seed types and varieties used by farmers, most of which are low-yielding. Mati relayed that f hybrid rice were combined with SRI, higher yields will result as well as multiple benefits of the SRI to farmers. She believes this is an opportunity for China-Africa collaboration. JKUAT through WARREC already hosts the SRI-Africa knowledge portal for information, research and promotion of SRI. SRI-Africa offers opportunity for a continental platform to transform rice production through knowledge and action in Africa. [See SRI-Africa article and PowerPoint presentation.] Pascal Gbenou from Benin also presented SRI-related information at the conference.

2018

• TV Program Highlights SRI Progress in Kenya

  [December 17, 2018] A TV broadcast from KTN News Kenya, Next frontier: Modern rice farming, highlights the advantages of the System of Rice Intensification, which has been introduced into several irrigation schemes, beginning with Mwea, over the past decade. SRI was introduced into Kenya by Bancy Mati, professor at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) and Director of Water Research and Resource Centre (WARREC). During an interview, she noted that using SRI principles, farmers can increase yields while decreasing water use by 30%, which is very important in Kenya's irrigations scheme, which are increasingly faces water shortages. This is especially important as climate change is affect available water resources. Moses Kareithi, the first farmer to adopt SRI in Kenya, explains the differences between conventional rice production and SRI, and how it has increased both yields and food security.

• Kenya Represented at Three SRI Events in Southeast Asia

  [November 1, 2018] Bancy Mati attended the Workshop to Enhance Cooperation and Sharing among SRI National Networks in Asia, held October 18-19, 2018, in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, and presented a talk entitled System of Rice Intensification in Kenya: Lessons Learnt for Upscaling SRI in Africa. The event, which was attended by 50 participants from 17 countries, was organized by the Malaysian Agroecology Society (SRI-Mas), the Asian Centre of Innovation for ACISAI Centre at the Asian Institute of Technology, and SRI-Rice, allowed SRI network representatives and other stakeholders to share experiences and to investigate opportunities to collaborate on scaling-up, multi-country research, value chain improvements, accessing resources, and capacity building for SRI networks. The event also mapped out the possibilities for forming an Asia Regional SRI Network from the ten Asian SRI networks that operating the region. Professor Mati's presentation highlighted SRI progress in Africa and and discussed how the newly-forming SRI Africa Network could interact with an SRI Regional Network for Asia as well as the Latin American SRI Network. [Workshop presentations by other participants are also available.]

  Prior to the participating in the SRI Networks Workshop in Malaysia, Dr. Mati attended the 5th International Rice Congress (IRC) in Singapore, held October 15-17, 2018. During the Congress, she moderated an SRI-Rice research side event, SRI Research: What's New and What's on the Horizon, on October 16, and helped provide SRI information to the event participants from the SRI-Rice/Oxfam booth during the three-day event. (Mati is second from left in the photo at left.) Finally, she represented the Africa SRI Community at the Workshop for the Project on Sustaining and Enhancing the Momentum for Innovation and Learning on SRI in the Lower Mekong River Basin (SRI-LMB), held November 1-2, 2018, in Bangkok. While there, she gave a presentation entitled SRI in Kenya and towards a SRI-Africa Learning Network. SRI-LMB, an EU-financed regional project, aimed to contribute towards enhancing the resilience of rainfed farmers confronting climate change variability in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB) region. The project is led by the ACISAI Center of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in four countries from 2013-2018.

• Bancy Mati Presents Talk on SRI in Kenya at Cornell University

  [February 1, 2018] Bancy Mati, Director, Water Research and Resource Center (WARREC), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya gave a talk entitled Experience in Kenya with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Context of Water Scarcity and Climate Stresses on February 1, 2018, in 100 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. The seminar highlighted the progress with SRI in several irrigation schemes over the past eight years.

2017

• Comparing the Economic Performance of Two Rice Technologies in West Kano Irrigation Scheme, Kenya

  [March 15, 2017] An article by Mwatete et al comparing SRI and conventional rice production practices has been published in the Africa Environmental Review. The study involved a survey of 123 households in West Kano Irrigation Scheme (WKIS) of Western Kenya intended to learn about their rice farming activities and field experimental trials on conventional paddy and Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI) technologies. Results of the study indicated that 89% of the households produced rice for both consumption and commercial purposes. Findings also indicated that the SRI system saved about 64% of water compared to the conventional paddy system. Experimental results showed that the yield difference for IR2793 rice variety when SRI was used increased by up to 33.4 % compared to conventional paddy method. In the case of basmati 370 rice variety, SRI increased grain yield of up to 53.3 % compared to the conventional paddy method. The study also reveals that SRI method of rice production saves about 64% of water and net revenue margins for SRI was higher by KSh. 58,275 (US 583) per acre of land. The authors conclude that adoption of the SRI method of rice production would be an important instrument for poverty reduction among the rural households of West Kano irrigation scheme and Kenya at large.

• Bancy Mati Receives Award for Her Work with SRI and Other Endeavors

  [April 12, 2017] Bancy Mati was awarded a certificate on April 12, 2017, by Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) in recognition of her "Outstanding Work that has had the Most Visible Impact on Community Livelihood and Wealth Creation." She is shown at right receiving the certificate from the University Chancellor, Prof. Geoffrey Moriaso Ole Maloiy. The recognition is partly due to Mati's SRI work, which has now influenced over 8,000 farmers who have adopted or adapted System of Rice Intensification practices. During March 2017, an article she co-authored with Jackline Ndiiri, Norman Uphoff, et al, was published in the American Journal of Plant Biology. The article, Comparison of yields of paddy rice under System of Rice Intensification in Mwea, Kenya, compares yields of three rice varieties grown under SRI management with reduced water applications versus conventional practices of continuous flooding (CF). Mati has been working on SRI with farmers in Mwea and other irrigation schemes since 2009.

2015-2016

• Making the Case for SRI at the COP21 Climate Change Conference

  [December 20, 2015] Responding to an invitation by the African Climate Policy Center (ACAPC) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) for side events at the African Pavilion during COP21/CMP11 global climate change event in Paris, Bancy Mati traveled to France to show her film “System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Growing More Rice with Less Water. Experiences from Kenya” under the sub-theme “Climate-Smart Agriculture and food security.” While at the COP21 Conference, which was held November 30 - December 12, 2015, she also gave a video interview of her SRI work to journalists from the University of Queensland, attended the exhibitions at "Espaces Generations Climat," and participated in both the TerrAfrica side meeting on sustainable land management in Africa and the Sustainable Innovation Forum 2015 (SIF15). (See Bancy Mati's COP21 Conference report for details.)

2014

• Water Research and Resource Center at Jomo Kenyatta University Launches Two SRI Projects

  [December 10, 2014] Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), through its Water Research and Resource Center (WARREC), launched two SRI projects in Mwea and Western Kenya irrigation schemes. Bancy Mati is the Principle Investigator for the projects, both of which are funded by the African Institute for Capacity Development (AICAD). ‘Enhancing Adoption of SRI through Capacity Building and Linking Farmers with Industry and Niche Medium and Main Outlet Markets,’ is a six-month project to build the capacity of farmers to enhance adoption of SRI and facilitate linking SRI farmers to industry and niche markets. Identifying solutions to Key Challenges Facing Adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Kenya, a three-year US$60,000 project, is intended to improve rice production through adoption of SRI by small-scale rice farmers. (See report on the WARREC website.)

• Research on SRI Fields Under Changing Weather Conditions Published in International Journal of Agronomy

  [April 15, 2014] An article by W. O. Nyang'au et al, "Estimating rice yield under changing weather conditions in Kenya using CERES rice model," was published in the March 2014 edition of the International Journal of Agronomy. The study, which was undertaken with farmers in Mwea and Western Kenya irrigation schemes, revealed that increase in both maximum and minimum temperatures affects Basmati 370 and IR 2793- 80-1 grain yield under SRI. Increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration led to an increase in grain yield for both Basmati and IR 2793-80-1 under SRI and increase in solar radiation also had an increasing impact on both Basmati 370 and IR 2793-80-1 grain yield. The results of the study indicated that weather conditions in Kenya do affect rice yield under SRI and, as climate change is in evidence in Kenya, the changing patterns should be taken into consideration in agricultural plans to improve food security. [For details, see open access article.]

2013

• SRI Featured on Kenyan Television Show

  [November 2013] The popular Kenyan TV show Shamba Shape-Up aired an episode (Series 3, Episode 13) on October 1, 2013, that included a visit to a farmer's field and a follow-up visit to see how his SRI trials turned out. Advice on how to undertake SRI was provided by an expert from the National Irrigation Board. The first 7:20 minutes of this 24 minute episode is about a successful SRI undertaking on Evan's farm. (See video in English or in Swahili). As Shamba Shape-Up reportedly has over 11 million viewers in East Africa, the discussion of SRI in the series will hopefully have a good impact in East Africa!

• Adoption, Constraints and Economic Returns of SRI-Grown Rice in Mwea, Kenya

  [September 18, 2013] The paper "Adoption, constraints and economic returns of paddy rice under the system of rice intensification in Mwea, Kenya," authored by J. A. Ndiiri et al, was published in the November 2013 edition of Agricultural Water Management. SRI adoption was assessed and net income advantages were compared to farmer practice (FP) during the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 main growing seasons in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme. (See article for details of practices.) Forty of the 50 SRI farmers from 18 units that were sampled increased yields by1.6 t/ha (33%) while seed requirements were reduced by 87% and water savings averaged 28%. While SRI required 9% more labor costs on average, results were variable, and, in three units, labor costs were reduced by an average of 13%. While SRI required 30% more labor for weeding than FP in the first season, this was reduced to 15% in the second season when push-weeders became available. (See example of weeder at right.) SRI gave a higher benefit-cost ratio of 1.76 and 1.88 in the first and second seasons, respectively, compared to 1.3 and 1.35 for FP.

  The results indicated that SRI practices of planting younger seedlings with wider spacing and intermittent irrigation lead to increased paddy rice yields with concomitant rise in the income accruing to farmers. The authors also concluded that the net benefit could increase with availability of mechanical weeders and use of organic fertilization. Finally, up-scaling of SRI in Mwea can be expected to help achieve greater national and household food security.

• SRI Film Wins First Prize at the 2nd African Agricultural Film Festival

  [July 17, 2013] A film about SRI has won first prize at the 2nd African Agricultural Film Festival in Accra, Ghana. Produced by Bancy Mati (shown at right accepting the award), the entry entitled "System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Producing More Rice with Less Water! The Kenyan Experience" was presented at the festival which was organized by FARA in conjunction with the 6th African Agricultural Science Week. The prize will be awarded officially on July 20 at the close of the conference. (See video).

2012

• Article on SRI Water Productivity in Mwea Irrigation Scheme Published in the International Journal of Current Research and Review

  [April 15, 2012] An assessment of water productivity for rice production using SRI methods and the traditional continuous flooded rice practice in Mwea, Kenya, was published in the March 2012 edition of International Journal of Current Research and Review. The article by J.A. Ndiiri, B.M. Mati et al, Comparison of water savings of paddy rice under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) growing rice in Mwea, Kenya, reported on field experiments conducted in 2010/2011 at Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development (MIAD) of Mwea Irrigation Scheme (MIS) during the main 2010-2011 growing season. The results showed that SRI methods gave the highest water-saving and yields for all the three varieties. Yield increased by 0.6t/ha, 2t/ha and 1.5t/ha while water savings were 2528m3/ha, 2268m3/ha and 2846m3/ha for the Basmati 370, BW 196 and IR 2793-80-1 varieties, respectively. Similarly, calculations showed water productivity (kilograms of rice per cubic meter of irrigation water supplied) averaging 120% higher for the three varieties under SRI management (2.16 kg/m3 vs. 0.98 kg/m3).

• SRI Adoption and Yields Improve with Capacity-Building Efforts

  Bancy Mati (right), the driving force behind SRI adoption and research in Kenya, has provided a document summarizing how SRI is evolving there. Just two and a half years since the practice was introduced in Mwea, it is evident that SRI is now being well-accepted. Approximately 3,000 farmers have been trained in SRI methods and adopters now number about 2,000 in the four irrigation schemes (Ahero, West Kano, Bunyala and Mwea). Mati estimates that tens of thousands have been reached radio broadcasts (also in local languages), newspaper articles, exhibitions and JKUAT open days.

• This 2011-2012 season has shown good results with yields: Up to 9 t/ha for the lower-yielding Basmati variety compared to 5 t/ha with conventional management and over 17 t/ha for a high-yielding IR variety compared to 9 t/ha without SRI practices. According to research findings, water savings have ranged from 25% in dry weather to 33% in wet weather. A few farmers had access to rotary weeders, but more are anticipated in the coming year.

  Kenyan farmers as well as other rice stakeholders are excited about SRI. A bag of SRI paddy reportedly weighs 10-20 kg more than that of conventional rice, mostly because of greater grain filling (fewer unfilled grains). When milled, the SRI rice has more whole grains (less breakage) so it sells faster, sometimes earning KSh2/kg (˜2.5¢/kg) more than conventional rice. It is interesting to see farmers who have not openly adopted SRI changing their behavior too: Some have reduced flooding of their paddies with water, while others are planting in lines and at wider spacing. As part of the regular training to reach the unreached, which includes those who are slowly leaning towards SRI, an SRI field day was held at the Wamumu block in Mwea on January 30, 2012. The training was conducted almost entirely by several of the 115 farmers who have completed the Training of Trainers (ToT) course.

FOR 2009 -2011 SRI ACTIVITIES, see SRI Kenya Archives

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Reports and General Articles

• JKUAT. 2022. SRI-Digital app to revolutionize rice farming in Mwea. Jomo Kenyata University of Agriculture and Technology website. November 24. [Bancy Mati targets new app for SRI in Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya.]
• Mati, Bancy. 2022. Delivering digital training on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Kenya. SRI-Africa website. May.
• Mantava, John. 2020. FarmBiz TV: Irrigation Board launches rice scheme to double yields. FarmBiz Africa website. April 11. [The National Irrigation Board in Kenya has launched a new rice production system (SRI) to improve food security. The programme combines using certified seeds and intensive water management with high levels of farmer sensitization.]
• Mati, Bancy. 2020. Local manufacture of rotary weeders is linked to adoption of SRI in Kenya. SRI-Rice website. March 30. [6p pdf]
• Mati, Bancy. 2019. SRI presented at the International Rice Congress in Changsha, China. SRI-Africa.net. June 28. [Prof. Bancy Mati presents at China-Africa rice congress in Changsa, China.]
• 2019. Rice farmers reap from new technology: The Standard. Kenyan Digest, February 4. [Farmers in Nyando, Kisumu County, increase yields with SRI, but have trouble with markets.]
• Despite food insecurity, Kisumu farmers lack ready market for rice. Business Daily, May 8. [SRI increases production in Ahero, though distribution systems are lacking]
• Mati, Bancy, and Kennedy Ouma 2016. Mrs. Lonah Akumu: One Woman’s story of resilience championing SRI in western Kenya. SRI4Women blog. October 11.
• 2016. Rice farmers reap big with water-saving technology. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology website. May 19. [Farmer stories from Kenya's West Kano Irrigation Scheme, Block C, share their SRI stories.]
• Ondongo, Dannish. 2016. Kisumu County banks on rice irrigation to solve food insecurity. CapitalFM, Business&Tech section. March 18. [Feature on irrigation schemes in Kisumu Country, Kenya; SRI is noted in the Mwea irrigation scheme.]
• Mati, Bancy. 2016. Report of participation in the COP21 Climate Change Conference in Paris, France. SRI-Rice website. (3p., 109KB pdf) [Report by Bancy Mati, Professor at JKUAT, and SRI project Coordinator, Kenya, of her participation in COP21, Nov. 30 - Dec. 12, 2015] [uploaded February 7, 2016]
• Chepkoech, Anita. 2016. Out goes paddy rice farming, in comes a new efficient method, Daily Nation, Business Section (Seeds of Gold), February 5. [Story of SRI in Ahero and West Kano irrigation schemes,based on an interview with Bancy Mati]
  February 5, 2016, Daily Nation (Kenya)
• Besliu, Raluca. 2015. Famine from droughts? Never again, says Calvince Okello. Digital Journal. February 12. [Kenyan social entrepreneur creates M-shamba, a platform using mobile phones, which has reached 6,000 rice farmers to help them adopt SRI.]
• Ochienno, Judith Taaka. 2014. Influence of communication on adoption of agricultural innovation: A case of the System of Rice Intensification in Mwea irrigation scheme. MA Thesis, University of Nairobi.(67p.pdf)
• Wycliffe, Nyang'au. 2014. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) twin projects launched. Water Research and Resource Center website. December 10.
• Mwangi, Boniface. 2013. Rice farmers embrace wet planting technique. Business Daily, August 8.
• Cherono, Stella, and Angela Oketch. 2012. New rice technology boosts yields, quality. Business Daily, December 6.
• 2012. KENYA: SRI adoption and yields on the rise. Global SRI News and Views blog. February 20.
• 2012. Featured Item: Kenya: SRI Farmers now turned into trainers in Kenya! System of Rice Intensification website. February 20.
• Mati, Bancy, 2012. SRI farmers now turned into trainers in Kenya! System of Rice Intensification website. February 17. (4p. 91KB pdf) [Report detailing the spread of SRI in Kenya]
• Mati, Bancy. 2011. Up-scaling the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Ahero, West Kano, Bunyala and Mwea Irrigation Schemes. System of Rice Intensification website. (5p. 43KB pdf)
• 2011. From problem to solution: Making agriculture climate-smart. World Bank Institute website, World Bank In Action section. April 13. [no longer online].
• Mati, B. M., R. Wanjogu, B. Odongo and P. G. Home. 2011. Introduction of the System of Rice Intensification in Kenya: Experiences from Mwea Irrigation Scheme. Paddy and Water Environment 9:145-154. DOI: 10.1007/s10333-010-0241-3
• Mburu, Ngondi. 2011. Kenya: New rice planting system saves water, seeds. African Farming website. September 26.
• A.V. Ragunathan. 2010. Kenyan team studies SRI project. The Hindu, June 26, Tamil Nadu section.
• 2010. New rice farming system takes root in Mwea scheme. Daily Nation (Kenya), May 5, Business News section, Online edition.
• Mati, Bancy M. 2009. System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Growing more rice with less water. Brief notes on promoting the adoption of SRI in Kenya. Improved Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern & Southern Africa, Kenya. System of Rice Intensification website. (6p. pdf)

Research and Scholarly Papers (in chronological order of receipt)

• Ouma, M.A., L.O. Ouma, J.M. Ombati, and C.A. Onyango. 2024. A cost benefits analysis of the adoption of system of rice intensification: Evidence from smallholder rice farmers within an innovation platform in Oluch irrigation scheme, Kenya. PLoS ONE 19(1): e0290759. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290759
• Pili, Njira Njira. 2016. Possibilities of endophytic fungi from Kenya for growth promotion of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and defense against nematodes. PhD dissertation. Ghent University (Belgium). 172 p. [Notes effects of SRI on nematode species.]
• Ouma, Matilda Auma. 2021. Assessing the uptake of System of Rice Intensification practices. PhD dissertation, Egerton University (Kenya). 187 p. [accessed August 31, 2021]
• Mati, B. M., et al. 2021. production while saving water through the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Kenya's irrigation schemes. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology 20(1): 24-40
• Kaloi, Francis Kadipo, et al. 2021. Determinants influencing the adoption of rice intensification system among smallholders in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. Advances in Agriculture (online first Feb. 24 2021). doi: 10.1155/2021/1624334
• Ouma, Matilda A., Justus M. Ombati and Christopher A. Onyango. 2020. Challenges and Coping Strategies in the Uptake of the System of Rice Intensification Practices in Oluch Irrigation Scheme, Homa-Bay County, Kenya. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 42(12): 13-25. doi:10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i1230624
• Kaloi, Francis Kadipo, et al. 2020. Comparing productivity of rice under system of rice intensification and conventional flooding: A switching regression approach. African Journal of Agricultural Research 16(10): 1355-1363. [accessed September 20, 2020]
• Ouma-Onyango, Amos. 2014. Promotion of rice production: A likely Step to making Kenya food secure. An assessment of current production and potential. Developing Country Studies 4: 26-31. [accessed August 8, 2020]
• Too, Gideon, et al. 2020. Comparative study of rice yield production for conventional paddy rice and Systems of Rice Intensification. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering. 6(2): 70-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20200602.13
• Too, G., et al. 2020. Analysis of water use in rice production under paddy system and SRI in Ahero Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. African Environmental Review 3(2): 190-198.
• Kathia, Mercy Kangai, et al. 2019. Integrating mechanical weeding and planting for reduced labour input in paddy rice under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Agricultural Sciences 10: 121-130 doi:10.4236/as.2019.102010
• Mwatete, Gibson, et al. 2017. Comparing the economic performance of two rice technologies in West Kano Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. Africa Environmental Review Journal 2(2): 93-106.
• Nyamai, Matolo. 2017. A comparative assessment of SRI and conventional rice production in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. MSc thesis. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technoogy (Kenya) [accessed September 25, 2021]
• Ndiiri, Jackline Alinda, Norman Uphoff, Bancy Mbura Mati, Patrick Gathogo Home, and Benson Odongo. 2017. Comparison of yields of paddy rice under System of Rice Intensification in Mwea, Kenya. American Journal of Plant Biology 2(2): 49-60. doi:10.11648/j.ajpb.20170202.12
• Gicheru, Mercy Njeri. 2016. Barriers and enablers to the uptake and implementation of System of Rice Intensification; A case study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya. Master's thesis. University of Capetown, South Africa. (79p. pdf)
• Mwatete, Gibson Kalume Kitsao. Technical efficiency differentials between conventional and System of Rice Intensification methods of rice production in West Kano Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. PhD dissertation, University of Eldoret (Kenya).
• Ndirangu, Bancy Wambui. 2015. Influence of rice intensification system on rice production among small scale farmers. Case of Tebere in Mwea, Kirinyaga county in Kenya. Master's thesis, University of Nairobi (Kenya).
• Ochienno, Judith Taaka. 2014. Influence of communication on adoption of agricultural innovation: A case of the System of Rice Intensification in Mwea irrigation scheme. Master’s Thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. (67p. 394 KB pdf)
• Nyang'au, W. O., B. M. Mati, K. Kalamwa, R. K. Wanjogu, and L. K. Kiplagat. 2014. Estimating rice yield under changing weather conditions in Kenya using CERES rice model. International Journal of Agronomy 2014 (ID849496): 12 p. doi: 10.1155/2014/849496
• Ndiiri, J. A., B. M. Mati, P. G. Home, B. Odongo. 2013. Water productivity under the System of Rice Intensification from experimental plots and farmer surveys in Mwea, Kenya. Taiwan Water Conservancy Journal 61(4): 63-75.
• Ndiiri, J. A., B. M. Mati, P. G. Home, B. Odongo, and N. Uphoff, N. 2013. Adoption, constraints and economic returns of paddy rice under the system of rice intensification in Mwea, Kenya. Agricultural Water Management. 129: 44-55. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2013.07.006
• Kipkorir, E.C., E.M. Mugalavai, C.K. Songok, P.O.W. Webi, K. K.G. Kiptoo, and F. Daudi. 2012. Adapting System of Rice Intensification in Western Kenya irrigation schemes. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, and Conflict Resolution for Sustainable Development, July 18-20, Mmust, Kakamega, Kenya.
• Ndiiri, J. A., B. M. Mati, P. G. Home, B. Odongo and N. Uphoff. 2012. Benefit-cost analysis of paddy rice under the System of Rice Intensification in Mwea, Kenya. Paper presented at the 2012 JKUAT Scientific, Technological and Industrialization Conference - Science, November 15-16, in Nairobi, Kenya. [no longer online].
• Nyamai, M., B. M. Mati, P. G. Home, B. Odongo, R. Wanjogu, and E. G. Thuranira. 2012. Improving land and water productivity in basin rice cultivation in Kenya through System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 14(2):1-9.
• Ndiiri, J.A., B.M. Mati, P.G. Home, B. Odongo, and N. Uphoff. 2012. Comparison of water savings of paddy rice under System of Rice Intensification (Sri) growing rice in Mwea, Kenya. International Journal of Current Research and Review 4(6):63-73 [Note: The cited link downloads the entire issue; click here to see only the 456KB Ndiiri article]
• Mati, B. M., R. Wanjogu, B. Odongo and P. G. Home. 2011. Introduction of the System of Rice Intensification in Kenya: Experiences from Mwea Irrigation Scheme. Paddy and Water Environment 9:145-154. doi:10.1007/s10333-010-0241-3

Conferences and Meetings (incomplete after 2010)

• The First National Workshop on SRI in Kenya
  Date: May 7, 2010 at the
  Venue: African Institute for Capacity and Development (AICAD) campus in Juja, near Nairobi.
  Cosponsors: The workshop was planned and implemented as a collaborative, cost-shared activity by the partners, notably JKUAT, IMAWESA, NIB and AICAD.
• Field days & SRI trainings:
  - Mwea - August 5, 2010, December 7, 2010, July 21, 2011and November 18, 2011
  - SRI Open Day - November 4, 2010
• Stakeholders' Meeting of the System for Rice Intensification (SRI)
  Date: January 27, 2010
  Venue: World Agroforestry Centre complex at Girgiri, Nairobi
  Organizing Partners: Improved Management for Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa (IMAWESA)/IFAD, Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development (AICAD), World Bank (WB), World Bank Institute (WBI) and AICAD
  
• Video conference: Producing More with Less Water and Farm Inputs for Climate Adaptation: Knowledge Sharing on System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
  Date: Friday, September 11, 2009
  Sites: Nairobi, Kenya; Antananarivo, Madagascar; Kigali, Rwanda; Chennai, India; Washington, DC, USA
  Organizing Partners:
  World Bank Institute (WBI), The World Bank, Improved Management for Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa (IMAWESA) , Africa Institute for Capacity Development (AICAD), Global Development Learning Network (GDLN)
  

Practical Information

• Mati, Bancy. 2012. System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Growing more rice while saving on water. System of Rice Intensification website. (12p, 638KB pdf). [Updated version of the original 2009 SRI training manual for farmers in Mwea, Kenya. Hard copy published in cooperation with Jomo Kenyatta University and the National Irrigation Board.]
• Nyamai, Matolo, Bancy Mati and Andrew Gidamis. 2010. Mfumo wa kilimo shadidi cha mpunga (MKiShaMpunga). System of Rice Intensification website. (16p. 6.82MB pdf) [Kiswahili language SRI manual developed for Kenyan farmers in conjunction with Jomo Kenyatta University, AICAD, IMAWESA and WBI and translation assistance from Sokoine University of Tanzania]
• Mati, Bancy M. and Matolo Nyamai. 2009. System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Growing More Rice While Saving on Water. Improved Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern & Southern Africa, Kenya website. (6p. pdf). [An information brochure used for SRI training on SRI in Mwea, Kenya.]

PowerPoint Presentations

• Mati, Bancy. 2019. Improving Productivity of Rice under Water Scarcity in Africa: The Case for the System of Rice Intensification. 52 slides. Presentation at the International Rice Development Conference and Seminar on China-Africa Development. Changsha, China, June 26-29.
• Mati, Bancy. 2018. SRI in Kenya and towards SRI-Africa learning network. Presentation at the SRI-LMB Regional Workshop for the Sustaining and Enhancing the Momentum for Innovation and Learning around the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Lower Mekong River Basin (SRI - LMB), Bangkok, Thailand, November 1-2, 2018
• Mati, Bancy. 2018. System of Rice Intensification in Kenya: Lessons Learnt for Upscaling SRI in Africa. Presentation at the Workshop to Enhance Cooperation and Sharing among SRI National Networks in Asia. The Leverage Business Hotel. Skudai, Malaysia. October 18-19. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology (JKUAT) website. 33 slides.
• 2012. Promoting the Adoption of SRI through Participatory Research and Outreach in Kenya: SRI - Growing More Rice with Less Water. PowerPoint presentation by Bancy M. Mati (SRI Projects Coordinator at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi), April 18, 2012, at a workshop on the Rice-EA project, Nairobi, Kenya. 35 slides.
• Mati, Bancy. 2011. Introducing Kenyan Participation: Producing More with Less Input through SRI – the System of Rice Intensification. PowerPoint presented by the Kenya SRI Projects Coordinator at the videoconference on South-South Knowledge Sharing on Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices, KDLC, Nairobi, 24th August 24. 16 slides.
• Ravichandran, V. K., and Mei Xie. 2010. Knowledge Travels – From India to Kenya, South-South Knowledge Sharing on SRI PowerPoint presented at the videoconference Global Learning Development Network (GDLN) session linking Mali, Madagascar and India, Feb. 9. 18 slides. [see also French version] [no longer on the World Bank website].

Videos

• 2021 (October 1). Creating generational wealth through rice farming. 12:34 min. Utmost Precision channel, YouTube. [One of Kenya's first SRI farmers, Mathew Kamanu, who grows rice in Mwea, tells his story.]
• 2020 (April 7). Rice farmers yield expected to double up with the new System of Rice Intensification technology. 3:11 min. FarmBiz Africa channel, Youtube. [The National Irrigation Board in Kenya has launched a new rice production system (SRI) to improve food security. The programme combines using certified seeds and intensive water management with high levels of farmer sensitization.]
• 2018 (December 17). Next frontier: Modern rice farming. 9:21 min. KTN News Kenya channel, YouTube. [KTN News channel from Kenya talking about SRI and its place in Kenyan agriculture.]
• 2016 (November 30). Smart Farm: Rice Intensification. 3:41 min. KenyaCitizen TV channel, YouTube. [Kenyan TV show on "smart farms," Which about SRI this week.]
• 2014 (January 7). Rising Rice Farming in Mwea. 10.:05 min. MIADCENTRE MWEA channel, YouTube.
• 2013. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) - Documentary. 22 min. Produced and directed by Bancy Mati, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, and the National Irrigation Board, Kenya. Documentary Addict website.
• 2013. (October 1) Recap: Bees, Chickens, Rice, Antibiotics. 24:27 min. Shamba Shape-Up S3E13/Series 3, Episode 13. Produced by MEDIAE.org. [This video, which is an episode of the Kenyan TV show Shamba Shape-Up, is available in English and Swahili. The section on SRI is the first 7:20 minutes of the episode.]
• 2013 (July 13). System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Growing more rice with less... 9:41 min. Produced by Bancy Mati. Bancy Mati channel, YouTube. [A film about SRI in Kenya has won first prize at the 2nd African Agricultural Film Festival in Accra, Ghana]

Photo Collection

• SRI-Rice Kenya Photo Collection is provided by Bancy Mati. The photos are running as a slideshow in the summary section at the top of the page. Click on the photo showing to enlarge it or to show captions. (See also photos from ALL countries).